Technical Program
Final Program
Fielded Systems Presentation Agenda and Questions
Steve Holland (GM) Fielded Systems Presentation
Barry Ferrell (Lockheed Martin) Joint Strike Fighter Program Fielded Systems Presentation
Mark Walker (General Atomics) Fielded Systems Presentation
Eric Carney (NAVAIR) Fielded Systems Presentation
| Session Schedule – PHM 2010 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sunday, October 10, 2010 | Chair/Author(s) | Affiliation(s) | Location | Time |
| Registration | Plaza Foyer | 7:00am-5:00pm | ||
| Doctoral Symposium Session | J.Bird, S. Letourneau (Co-Chairs) | NRC (Canada) | Pavilion Ballroom East | 8:00am-5:00pm |
| Continental Breakfast | Plaza Foyer East | 7:00am-8:00am | ||
| Willamette Valley Wine Tasting Tour | Meet in Hotel Lobby | 12noon-5:00pm | ||
| Monday, October 11, 2010 | Chair/Author(s) | Affiliation(s) | Location | Time |
| Registration | Plaza Foyer | 7:00am-5:00pm | ||
| Continental Breakfast (Sponsored by Xerox) | Grand Ballroom Foyer | 7:00am-8:00am | ||
| Tutorial Sessions | Kai Goebel (Chair) | NASA Ames | ||
| Tutorial Session 1A: Introduction to Diagnostics | Greg Kacprzynski | Impact Technologies | Parlor | 8:00am-9:50am |
| Tutorial Session 1B: Information Fusion for PHM Models | Piero Bonissone | GE Global Research | Grand Ballroom II | 8:00am-9:50pm |
| Coffee Break (Sponsored by Global Strategic Solutions, Inc.) | Grand Ballroom Foyer | 9:50am-10:00am | ||
| Tutorial Session 2A: Introduction to Prognostics | Abhinav Saxena | SGT at NASA AMES | Parlors | 10:10am-12noon |
| Tutorial Session 2B: Uncertainty Management in Prognostics | Yongming Liu | Clarkson University | Grand Ballroom II | 10:10am-12noon |
| Lunch (Sponsored by Frontier Technology, Inc.) | Grand Ballroom I | 12noon-1:30pm | ||
| Tutorial Session 3: Accelerated Life Testing in Electronics | Ephraim Suhir | University of California – Santa Cruz | Grand Ballroom II | 1:30pm-3:00pm |
| Coffee Break (Sponsored by Global Strategic Solutions, Inc.) | Grand Ballroom Foyer | 3:00pm-3:30pm | ||
| Tutorial Session 4: Verification & Validation for PHM | Guillaume Brat | NASA Ames | Grand Ballroom II | 3:30pm-5:00pm |
| Exhibitor Set-up | Pavilion | 12:00pm-5:00pm | ||
| Hardware Demo Set-up | Galleria South | 1:00pm-5:00pm | ||
| Welcome Reception & Exhibits (Sponsored by Goodrich) | Plaza Foyer & Pavilion | 5:30pm-7:30pm | ||
| Tuesday, October 12, 2010 | Chair/Author(s) | Affiliation(s) | Location | Time |
| Registration | Plaza Foyer | 7:00am-5:00pm | ||
| Continental Breakfast (Sponsored by Global Technology Connection) | Grand Ballroom Foyer | 7:00-8:00am | ||
| Exhibits | Pavilion | 8:00am-4:00pm | ||
| Opening Remarks | Mike Roemer/Serdar Uckun | (General Chair/President PHM Society) | Grand Ballroom I | 8.00am-8:30am |
| Hardware Demos | Galleria South | 8:30am-5:00pm | ||
| Paper Session 1A: Diagnostic Methods | Ian Jennions (Chair) | IVHM Center, Cranfield University | Galleria North | 8:30am-10:00am |
| A Three Dimensional Receiver Operator Characteristic Surface Diagnostic Metric | D. Simon | NASA Glenn Research Center | ||
| Stage Separation Failure: Model Based Diagnostics and Prognostics | D. G. Luchinsky, V. Hafiychuk, I. Kulikov, et. al. | NASA Ames/NASA Marshall Space Flight Center | ||
| Model-Based Assurance of Diagnostic Procedures for Complex Systems | T. Kurtoglu, R. Lutz, M. S. Feather | Mission Critical Technologies/Jet Propulsion Laboratory/Caltech/Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology | ||
| Paper Session 1B: Electronic Prognostics | Sony Mathew (Chair) | CALCE – University of Maryland | Grand Ballroom II | 8:30am-10:00am |
| Turn-off Time as a Precursor for Gate Bipolar Transistor Latch-up Faults in Electric Motor Drives | G. Vachtsevanos, M. Abbas, D. Brown, et. al. | Georgia Institute of Technology/Impact Technologies, LLC | ||
| An Adaptive Recurrent Neural Network for Remaining Useful Life Prediction of Lithium-ion Batteries | P. J. Liu, A. Saxena, K. Goebel, B. Saha, W. Wang | Carleton University, et. al. | ||
| Towards Modeling the Effects of Lightning Injection on Power MOSFETs | S. Saha, J. Celaya, B. Saha, P. Wysocki, et. al. | MCT/NASA Ames/SGT/NASA Ames/ASRC Aerospace Corp/NASA Ames | ||
| Paper Session 1C: Control & Uncertantiy with PHM | George Vachtsevanos (Chair) | Georgia Institute of Technology/Impact Technologies, LLC | Parlor | 8:30am-10:00am |
| Fault Adaptive Control of Overactuated Systems Using Prognostic Estimation | B.M. Bole, D. W. Brown, H. Pei, K. Goebel, G. Vachtsevanos | Georgia Institute of Technology/South China University of Technology/NASA Ames/Impact Technologies, LLC | ||
| Emerging Challenges and Technologies in Signal Processing for Prognostics and Health Management in Wind Energy | P. Johnson | National Instruments | ||
| Impact of Input Uncertainty on Failure Prognostic Algorithms: Extending the Remaining Useful Life of Nonlinear Systems | D. Edwards, M. Orchard, L. Tang, K. Goebel, G.Vachtsevanos | Georgia Institute of Technology/Universidad de Chile/Impact Technologies, LLC/NASA Ames | ||
| Energy Workshop Session 1 | Shawn Sheng (Chair) | NREL | Broadway Room | 8:30am-10:00am |
| A multi-mode structural health monitoring system for wind turbine blades and components | R.B. Owen, D.J. Inman, D.S. Ha | Extreme Diagnostics, Inc./ Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University | ||
| Application of Oil Debris Monitoring for Wind Turbine Gearbox Prognostics and Health Management | R. Dupuis | GasTOPS | ||
| Detection of Precursors to Component Failure in a Spur Gear Drive-Train by Means of a Torque Transducer | J. Yutzy, C. Bruns, N. Yoder, D. Adams | Purdue University | ||
| Coffee Break (Sponsored by Rockwell Collins) | Pavilion | 10:00-10:30am | ||
| Paper Session 2A: Helicopter/Gear PHM I | Praneet Menon (Chair) | Goodrich | Galleria North | 10:30am-12noon |
| Effectiveness of Empirical Mode Decomposition Based Features Compared to Kurtosis Based Features for Diagnosis of Pinion Crack Detection in a Helicopter | C. Ly, K. I. Ranney, K.F. Tom, H.C. Khatri, H. J. Decker | U.S. Army Research Laboratory | ||
| Gear Fault Location Detection for Split Torque Gearbox using AE Sensors | D. He, P. Menon, R. Li, S. Seçkiner, E. Bechhoefer | The University of Illinois-Chicago/Goodrich/University of Gaziantep/NRG Systems | ||
| Gear and bearing fault detection under variable operating conditions | P. BoÅ¡koski, Ä. JuriÄić | Jo?zef Stefan Institute/University Ss. Cyril and Methodius | ||
| Paper Session 2B: Analytical PHM Methods I | Ignacio Perez (Chair) | ONR | Grand Ballroom II | 10:30am-12noon |
| Complex System Fault Detection Using Factor Analysis | Y. Zhang | GM R&D Center | ||
| Trans-dimensional MCMC for fatigue prognosis model determination, updating, and averaging | X. Guan, R. Jha, Y. Liu | Clarkson University | ||
| Combination of analytical and statistical models for dynamic systems fault diagnosis | A. Bregon, D. Garcia-Alvarez, B. Pulido, M. J. Fuente | University of Valladolid (Spain) | ||
| Paper Session 2C: PHM Data Challenge and Results | N. Eklund (Chair) | GE Global Research | Parlor | 10:30am-12noon |
| PHM Challenge Problem Winning Approach – Professional Division | Team “gtl-phm” (Sreerupa Das & Gregory Harrison) | Lockheed Martin | ||
| PHM Challenge Problem Runner-up – Professional Division | Huimin Chen (Associate Professor) | University of New Orleans | ||
| Challenge Problem Winning Approach – Student Division | PathFinder (Gang Liu ) | University of New Orleans | ||
| Energy Workshop Session 2 | Eric Bechhoefer (Chair) | Broadway Rooms | 10:30am-12noon | |
| Prognosis – subsea oil and gas industry | P. Vaidya | Department of Production and Quality Engineering, NTNU (Norway) | ||
| Remote Health Monitoring For Offshore Machines, Using Fully Automated Vibration Monitoring And Diagnostics | M. Mjit, P.J. Beaujean, D. J. Vendittis | Florida Atlantic University | ||
| Learning Decision Rules by Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) for Wind Turbine Fault Diagnosis | X. Ye, Y. Yan, L. Osadciw | Syracuse University/Arcon Corporation/Sensis Corporation | ||
| LUNCH Break (Attendees on Own) | 12noon-1:30pm | |||
| Paper Session 3A: Materials PHM I | Giovanni Jacazio (Chair) | Politecnico, IT | Galleria North | 1:30pm-3:00pm |
| Fabrication of a Multi-Physics Integral Structural Diagnostic System Utilizing Nano-Engineered Materials | S. Kessler, A. Raghavan, C.T. Dunn, R.Guzman deVilloria, et. al. | Metis Design Corporation/Massachusetts Institute of Technology | ||
| Remaining Life Prognostics for a Multiaxial Fatigue Case on an Army Ground Vehicle System | R. Heine, D. Barker | United States Army Materiel Systems/University of Maryland | ||
| Structural fatigue prognosis using limited sensor data | J. He, Y. Liu | Clarkson University | ||
| Paper Session 3B: Anomaly Detection I | Nicholas Propes (Chair) | GTC | Grand Ballroom II | 1:30pm-3:00pm |
| Data-Driven Anomaly Detection Performance for the Ares I-X Ground Diagnostic Prototype | R. Martin, M. Schwabacher, B.Matthews | NASA Ames/Stinger Ghaffarian Technologies | ||
| An Adaptive Anomaly Detector used in Turbofan Test Cell | J. Lacaille, V. Gerez, R. Zouari | Snecma /Safran Engineering Services (France) | ||
| A hybrid-logic approach towards fault detection in complex cyber-physical systems | N. Srivastava, J. Srivastava | University of Minnesota | ||
| Paper Session 3C: Design for PHM | Ginger Shao (Chair) | Honeywell | Parlor | 1:30pm-3:00pm |
| A “Design for Availability” Approach for Use with PHM | T. Jazouli, P. Sandborn | CALCE University of Maryland | ||
| Reliability Based Design Recommendations for an Electromechanical Actuator Test Stand | M. T. Koopmans, R.C. Hooven, I.Y. Tumer | Oregon State University | ||
| Towards Defining and Allocating PHM Requirements for Military Systems | J. Luna | Frontier Technology, Inc. | ||
| Energy Workshop Session 3 | Shawn Sheng & Eric Bechhoefer (Co-Chairs) | NREL/NRG Systems | Broadway Room | 1:30pm-3:00pm |
| Adaptive Monitoring, Fault Detection and Diagnostics, and Prognostics System for the IRIS Nuclear Plant | J.Coble, M. Humberstone, J. W. Hines | University of Tennessee | ||
| Energy Workshop Discussion | Shawn Sheng & Eric Bechhoefer (Co-Chairs) | NREL/NRG Systems | ||
| Coffee Break (Sponsored by Rockwell Collins) | Pavilion | 3:00pm-3:30pm | ||
| Panel/Workshop Session A: Education | Karl Reichard | Penn State ARL | Galleria North | 3:30pm-5:00pm |
| Panel/Workshop Session B: Guidelines for Software Certification of EHM Systems | Ravi Rajamani | P&W | Grand Ballroom II | 3:30pm-5:00pm |
| Panel Participants | G. Iverson, H. Larsen, C. Queitzsch, R. Rajamani, D. Simon, N. Waters | Boeing/FAA/P&W/NASA Glenn/Rolls Royce | ||
| Panel/Workshop Session C: CBM and Enterprise Health Management | Andy Hess & Luis Hernandez | Hess PHM Group & GSS | Parlor | 3:30pm-5:00pm |
| Poster Reception (Sponsored by SAE International) | Poster Presentations | Plaza Foyer & Pavilion | 5:30pm-8:00pm | |
| Wednesday, October 13, 2010 | Chair/Author(s) | Affiliation(s) | Location | Time |
| Registration | Plaza Foyer | 7:00am-5:00pm | ||
| Continental Breakfast (Sponsored by NASA) | Grand Ballroom Foyer | 7:00am-8:00am | ||
| Luminary Session (Sponsored by Impact Technologies) | Grand Ballroom I | 8:30am-11:00am | ||
| Luminary Session: Assembly & Introduction | Greg Kacprzynski (Chair) | Impact Technologies | Grand Ballroom I | 8:30am-8:45am |
| Understanding PHM’s Business Value – An “Actuarial Engineering” Perspective | Dr. Sameer Vittal | GE Energy | 8:45am-9:15am | |
| Models for Credit Risk in a Network Economy | Dr. Henry Schellhorn | Claremont University | Grand Ballroom I | 9:15am-9:45am |
| Percolation Break: Coffee & Refreshments | Grand Ballroom Foyer | 9:45am-10:00am | ||
| Technosocial Predictive Analytics: Creating Decision Advantage through the Integration of Human and Physical Models | Dr. Antonio Sanfilippo | Pacific Northwest National Laboratory | Grand Ballroom I | 10:00am-10:30am |
| Plenary Session | All Participants | Grand Ballroom I | 10:30am-11:00am | |
| Best Papers & Data Challenge Awards (Sponsored by PARC) | Grand Ballroom I | 11:00am-12:00noon | ||
| Data Challenge Award Presentation | Neil Eklund | GE Global Research | 11:00am-11:30am | |
| Best Paper Awards Presentation | Karl Reichard | Penn State ARL | 11:30am-12noon | |
| Exhibits | Pavilion | 12noon-4:30pm | ||
| Lunch Break (Attendees on Own) | 12noon-1:30pm | |||
| Hardware Demos | Galleria South | 1:30pm-4:30pm | ||
| Paper Session 4A: Prognostic Methods I | Duncan Chase (Chair) | Rolls Royce | Grand Ballroom II | 1:30pm-3:00pm |
| A State-Space Model for Vibration Based Prognostics | E. Bechhoefer, S. Clarck, D. He | NRG Systems/University of Illinois at Chicago | ||
| Efficient probabilistic methods for real-time fatigue damage prognosis | Y. Xiang, Y. Liu | Clarkson University | ||
| Health Monitoring of a Pneumatic Valve Using a PIT Based Technique | J. P. P. Gomes, B.C. Ferreira, D. Cabral, R. K. H. Glavão, & T. Yoneyama | Embraer/ITA – Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica | ||
| Paper Session 4B: Machine Tool PHM I | Chris Pomfret (Chair) | Treble One | Galleria North | 1:30pm-3:00pm |
| Prognostics with Autoregressive Moving Average for Railway Turnouts | I. Jennions, A. Guclu, H. Yilboga, O. Faruk Eker, F. Camci | Cranfield University, Fatih University Buyukcekmece, et. al. | ||
| Advanced diagnostics of position sensors for the actuation systems of high-speed tilting trains | G. Jacazio, D. Risso, M. Sorli, L. Tomassini | Politecnico of Turin/Microtecnica (Italy) | ||
| Machine Remaining Useful Life Prediction Based on Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy and High-Order Particle Filtering | C. Chen, G. Vachtsevanos, M. E. Orchard | Georgia Institute of Technology/Universidad de Chile (Chile) | ||
| Coffee Break – (Sponsored by BAE Systems) | Pavilion | 3:00pm-3:30pm | ||
| Paper Session 5A: Helicopter/Gear PHM II | Ash Thakker (Chair) | GTC | Grand Ballroom II | 3:00pm-3:30pm |
| Probabilistic Latent Component Analysis for Gearbox Vibration Source Separation | J. Isom, M. Shashanka, A. Tewari, A. Lazarevic | United Technologies Research Center | ||
| Integrated Software Platform for Fleet Data Analysis, Enhanced Diagnostics, and Safe Transition to Prognostics for Helicopter Component CBM | R. Patrick, M.J. Smith, C.S. Byington, G. Vachtsevanos, K. Tom, C. Ly | Impact Technologies, LLC/Georgia Institute of Technology/U.S. Army Research Laboratory | ||
| Detection of Precursors to Component Failure in a Spur Gear Drive-Train by Means of a Torque Transducer | J. Yutzy, C. Bruns, N. Yoder, D. Adams | Purdue University/Rolls-Royce | ||
| Paper Session 5B: Structural Health Management | Steve Engel (Chair) | Northrop Grumman | Galleria North | 3:30pm-5:00pm |
| Integration of Remote Sensing and Risk Analysis for Airframe Structural Integrity Assessment | D. Cope, J. Cronenberger, K. Kozak, K. Schrader | Southwest Research Institute | ||
| Theoretical Background and Prognostic Modeling for Benchmarking SHM Sensors for Composite Structures | V. Smelyanski, V. Hafiychuk, D. G. Luchinsky, C. Banks, J. Miller | NASA Ames/NASA Marshall Space Flight Center | ||
| A Probabilistic Detectability-Based Structural Sensor Network Design Methodology for Prognostics and Health Management | P. Wang, B.D. Youn, C. Hu | Wichita State University/University of Maryland | ||
| Paper Session 5C: Electronic Prognostics II | Sonia Vohnout (Chair) | Ridgetop Group | Parlor Rooms | 3:30pm-5:00pm |
| Towards Prognostics of Power MOSFETs: Accelerated Aging and Precursors of Failure | J. Celaya, A. Saxena, P. Wysocki, S. Saha, K. Goebel | SGT Inc./ ASRC Aerospace/MCT Inc./ NASA Ames | ||
| Modeling SiO2 Ion Impurities Aging in Insulated Gate Power Devices Under Temperature and Voltage Stress | A. Ginart, J. Celaya, I. Ali, P. Kalgren, S. Poll, M. Roemer | Impact Technologies, LLC/SGT /NASA Ames | ||
| Effects of Personnel Availability and Competency on Fleet Readiness | Lindsey Colosi, Ling Rothrock, Russell Barton, Jeffrey Banks | Pennsylvania State University | ||
| Annual Conference Banquet (Sponsored by Northrop Grumman) Within Walking Distance -Directions at Registration Desk. The Museum will open at 5 pm for a private viewing one hour prior to the dinner. | Portland Art Museum | 5:00pm-9:00pm | ||
| Thursday, October 14, 2010 | Chair/Author(s) | Affiliation(s) | Location | Time |
| Registration | Foyer | 7:00am-5:00pm | ||
| Continental Breakfast (Sponsored by Xerox) | Foyer | 7:00am-8:00am | ||
| Exhibits | Pavilion | 8:00am-11:00am | ||
| Hardware Demos | Galleria South | 8:00am-12noon | ||
| Paper Session 6A: Materials PHM II | Carl Byington (Chair) | Impact Technologies | Grand Ballroom II | 8:00am-9:50am |
| Identification of Equivalent Damage Growth Parameters for General Crack Geometry | A. Coppe, M.J. Pais, N. Kim, R. T. Haftka | University of Florida | ||
| Confidence Assessment in Fatigue Damage Prognosis | S. Sankararaman, Y. Ling, S.Mahadevan | Vanderbilt University | ||
| Stochastic Characterization and Update of Fatigue Loading for Mechanical Damage Prognosis | Y. Ling, C. Shantz, S.Sankararaman, S. Mahadevan | Vanderbilt University | ||
| Paper Session 6B: Analytical PHM Methods II | Bill Nickerson (Chair) | Impact-RLW | Galleria North | 8:00am-9:50am |
| Improving Computational Efficiency of Prediction in Model-based Prognostics Using the Unscented Transform | M. Daigle, K. Goebel | University of California, Santa Cruz/NASA Ames | ||
| Efficient Tracking of Behavior in Complex Hybrid Systems via Hybrid Bond Graphs | B. Podgursky, G. Biswas, X.Koutsoukos | Vanderbilt University | ||
| Ensemble of Data-Driven Prognostic Algorithms with Weight Optimization and K-Fold Cross Validation | C. Hu, B. D. Youn, P. Wang | University of Maryland/Wichita State University | ||
| Paper Session 6C: Machine Tool PHM II | Jeff Banks (Chair) | Penn State ARL | Parlor | 8:00am-9:50am |
| Fuzzy Clustering of Wavelet Features for Tool Condition Monitoring in High Speed Milling Process | X. Li, B. Siong Lim, A.J. Torabi, M. Joo Er, Z. Lianyin, et. al. | Nanyang Technological University/SIMTech (Singapore) | ||
| Tool Wear Estimation Using Support Vector Machines in Ball-nose End Milling | S. Huang, X.Li, O. Peen Gan | Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology | ||
| Characterizing Streaks in Printed Images: A Matching Pursuit Method using Wavelet Decomposition | J. Liu, W. Wu, B. Price, E. Hamby, R. Minhas | Palo Alto Research Center (PARC)/ Xerox Research Center | ||
| Coffee Break (Sponsored by BAE Systems) | Pavilion | 9:50am-10:10am | ||
| Paper Session 7A: Prognostic Methods II | Tolga Kurtoglu (Chair) | NASA | Grand Ballroom II | 10:10am-12noon |
| Coupling a Dynamic Linear Model with Random Forest Regression to Predict Engine Wear | J. Schimert, A. Wineland | Boeing | ||
| Forecasting Spacecraft Telemetry Using Modified Physical Predictions | R. Mackey, I.Kulikov | California Institute of Technology | ||
| Airborne Electro-Mechanical Actuator Test Stand for Development of Prognostic Health Management Systems | E. Balaban, A.Saxena, S. Narasimhan, I. Roychoudhury | NASA Ames/ SGT Inc./ Oregon State University | ||
| Paper Session 7B: Anomaly Detection II | Jose Celaya (Chair) | NASA | Galleria North | 10:10am-12noon |
| A Statistical Wavelet-Based Process for Systems Catastrophic Failure Precursor Detection | O. Diallo, D.Mavris | Georgia Institute of Technology | ||
| Advanced Vibration Sensing with Radar – ADVISER | A. Peczalski, K. Kim, D. Mylaraswamy | Honeywell | ||
| The Use of Prognostic Health Management for Autonomous Unmanned Air Systems | W. Glover, A. Lucas, J.Stecki | Agent Oriented Software Limited (UK)/PHM Technology (Australia) | ||
| Paper Session 7C: Machine Tool PHM III | Bhaskar Saha | NASA | Parlor Rooms | 10:10am-12noon |
| Imaging Machine PHM | Y. Xue, N.Eklund, F. Xue | General Electric Global Research Center | ||
| Intelligent Monitoring of Surface Integrity and Cutter Degradation in High-speed Milling Processes | L. Zhai, M. Er, X. Li, O. Gan, S. Phua, S. Huang, J. Zhou, et. al. | Nanyang Technological University/SIMTech (Singapore) | ||
| Extracting Decision Trees from Diagnostic Bayesian Networks to Guide Test Selection | S. Wahl, J.W. Sheppard | Montana State University | ||
| Exhibit Teardown | Pavilion | 11:00am-3:00pm | ||
| Hardware Demos Teardown | Galleria South | 12noon-3:00pm | ||
| LUNCH Break (Attendees on Own) | 12noon-1:00pm | |||
| Combined Session: Fielded Systems I | Eric Hamby (Chair) | Xerox | Grand Ballroom II | 1:00pm-2:50pm |
| Coffee Break (Sponsored by BAE Systems) | Grand Ballroom Foyer | 2:50pm-3:10pm | ||
| Combined Session: Fielded Systems II | Andy Hess (Chair) | Hess PHM Group | Grand Ballroom II | 3:10pm-4:30pm |
| Final Remarks | Mike Roemer | General Chair | Grand Ballroom II | 4:30pm-5:00pm |
| Event Ends | 5:00pm |